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- Network Working Group G.M. Meyer
- Internet Draft Spider Systems
- Expires Dec 25, 1993 Jun 1993
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- Routing over Demand Circuits - RIP Protocol Analysis
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- Status of this Memo
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- This memo is being distributed to members of the Internet community
- in order to solicit their reactions to the proposals contained in it.
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- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
- and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
- working documents as Internet Drafts. Internet Drafts are draft
- documents valid for a maximum of six months. Internet Drafts may be
- updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It
- is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to
- cite them other than as a ``working draft'' or ``work in progress.''
- Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the
- internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net,
- nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or munnari.oz.au to learn the
- current status of any Internet Draft.
-
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- As required by Routing Protocol Criteria [1], this report documents
- the key features of Routing over Demand Circuits on Wide Area
- Networks - RIP [2] and the current implementation experience.
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- Acknowledgements
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- I would like to thank colleagues at Spider, in particular Richard
- Edmonstone and Alan Turland who developed Spider's IP RIP and IPX RIP
- and SAP implementations.
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- Meyer [Page 1]
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- Internet Draft Routing over Demand Circuits - Analysis Jun 1993
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- 1. Protocol Documents
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- "Routing over Demand Circuits on Wide Area Networks - RIP" [2]
- suggests an enhancement to the "Routing Internet Protocol" (RIP) [3]
- and "RIP-2" [4] to allow them to run more cost-effectively on Wide
- Area Networks (WANs).
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- 2. Key Features
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- The proposal shares the same basic algorithms as RIP or RIP-2 when
- running on LANs or fixed point-to-point links; Packet formats,
- broadcast frequency, triggered update operation and database
- timeouts are all unmodified.
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- The new features operate on WANs which use switched circuits on
- demand to achieve intermittent connectivity. Instead of using
- periodic 'broadcasts', information is only sent as triggered updates.
- The proposal makes use of features of the underlying connection
- oriented service to provide feedback on connectivity.
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- 2.1 Triggered Updates
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- Updates are only sent on the WAN when an event changes the routing
- database. Each update is retransmitted until acknowledged.
- Information received in an update is not timed out.
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- The packet format of a RIP response is modified (with a different
- unique command field) to include sequence and fragment number
- information. An acknowledgement packet is also defined.
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- 2.2 Circuit Manager
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- The circuit manager running below the IP network layer is responsible
- for establishing a circuit to the next hop router whenever there is
- data (or a routing update) to transfer. After a period of inactivity
- the circuit will be closed by the circuit manager.
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- If the circuit manager fails to make a connection a circuit down
- indication is sent to the routing application. The circuit manager
- will then attempt at (increasing) intervals to establish a
- connection. When successful a circuit up indication is sent to the
- routing application.
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- Meyer [Page 2]
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- Internet Draft Routing over Demand Circuits - Analysis Jun 1993
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- 2.3 Presumption of Reachability
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- In a stable network there is no requirement to propagate routing
- information on a circuit, so if no routing information is (being)
- received on a circuit it is assumed that:
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- o The most recently received information is accurate.
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- o The intervening path is operational (although there may be no
- current connection).
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- If the circuit manager determines that the intervening path is NOT
- operational routing information previously received on that circuit
- is timed out. It is worth stressing that it can be ANY routed
- datagram which triggers the event.
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- When the circuit manager re-establishes a connection, the application
- exchanges full routing information with its peer.
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- 2.4 Routing Information Flow Control
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- If the circuit manager reports a circuit as down, the routing appli-
- cation is flow controlled from sending further information on the
- circuit.
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- To prevent transmit queue overflow and also to avoid 'predictable'
- circuit down messages, the routing application can also optionally
- limit the rate of sending routing messages to an interface.
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- 3. Implementations
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- At this stage there is only believed to be one implementation.
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- The Spider Systems' implementation supports all the features outlined
- for IP RIP-1, IPX RIP and IPX SAP. RIP-2 is not currently supported.
- It has been tested against itself on X.25 and ISDN WANs. It has also
- been tested in operation with various router and host RIP-1, IPX RIP
- and IPX SAP implementations on Ethernet LANs.
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- 4. Security Considerations
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- Security is provided through authentication of the logical and physi-
- cal address of the sender of the routing update. Incoming call
- requests are matched by the circuit manager against a list of physi-
- cal addresses (used to make outgoing calls). The routing application
- makes a further check against the logical address of an incoming
- update.
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- Meyer [Page 3]
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- Internet Draft Routing over Demand Circuits - Analysis Jun 1993
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- Additional security can be provided by RIP-2 authentication [2] where
- appropriate.
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- References
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- [1] Hinden, R., "Internet Engineering Task Force Internet Routing
- Protocol Standardization Criteria", RFC 1264, Bolt Beranek and
- Newman, Inc, October 1991.
-
- [2] Meyer. G.M., "Routing over Demand Circuits on Wide Area Networks
- - RIP", Internet Draft "draft-meyer-demandrouting-01.txt",
- Spider Systems, May 1991.
-
- [3] Hedrick. C., "Routing Information Protocol", RFC 1058, Rutgers
- University, June 1988.
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- [4] Malkin. G., "RIP Version 2 - Carrying Additional Information",
- RFC 1388 Draft, Xylogics, 1992.
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- Author's Address:
-
- Gerry Meyer
- Spider Systems
- Stanwell Street
- Edinburgh EH6 5NG
- Scotland, UK
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- Phone: (UK) 31 554 9424
- Fax: (UK) 31 554 0649
- Email: gerry@spider.co.uk
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- Meyer [Page 4]
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